The ginkgo biloba tree is one of the longest-living tree species in the world, with each tree living as long as 1,000 years. Ginkgo leaves have been used medicinally since at least 2600 B.C., according to WebMD.com. Ginkgo leaf powder may be useful in treating cardiovascular and circulatory disorders as well as Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia.

Memory Enhancement

A number of studies have shown ginkgo to be useful in treating early-stage Alzheimer’s, although a few studies show no effect on dementia, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Gingko biloba products are used widely in Europe to treat dementia and have been found to help people with Alzheimer’s improve thinking, memory, daily skills and social behavior. There are no good studies on ginkgo leaf powder — the majority of research has been conducted on ginkgo leaf extracts. Many herbalists prefer the use of whole, powdered plants when compared with standardized extracts — which have components removed — because of the potential benefit from the full spectrum of plant constituents present in the powdered form.

Cardiovascular Disease and Circulation

According to the Merck Manual, ginkgo may help to increase circulation to the legs in cases of peripheral arterial disease, thin the blood and prevent blood clots. Ginkgo leaf is also useful in the treatment of intermittent claudication – pain caused by reduced circulation to the legs – by increasing blood flow, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Ginkgo may be helpful in treating and preventing cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases due to high levels of antioxidants, which prevent damage to the DNA from free radicals.

Other Uses

According to naturopathic doctor and master herbalist Sharol Tilgner, ginkgo leaf is useful in treating varicose veins and hemorrhoids, macular degeneration, glaucoma and erectile dysfunction. Ginkgo also can be used to ease bronchial asthma by increasing blood flow and dilating the bronchial passages. Other uses for ginkgo leaf powder include improved hearing, to treat headaches and reduce vertigo, as horse supplements.

Precautions and Side Effects

Due to its ability to reduce clotting, ginkgo should not be used if you are taking pharmaceutical blood-thinning drugs. It should also be discontinued at least 36 hours before surgery or dental procedures, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Ginkgo should be avoided in pregnancy and during lactation, and you should talk to your doctor if you are taking medications before taking ginkgo. A few noted side effects — though rare — include skin irritation, headache, dizziness and stomach upset.